HIV+AIDS+-+Global+Phenomenon

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HIV and AIDS is a global phenomenon.

It affects all types of people around the world. Of course it affects some more than others and is more prevalent in some countries. We will investigate reasons for its global distribution, its impact on people and communities and what is being done at various scales to improve the situation.

The following is from WORLD VISION Australia School Resources Fact Sheet


 * HIV and AIDS: basic facts**

HIV and AIDS is the biggest crisis the world has ever seen. It is killing more people than any war or famine in history. But it doesn’t have to be this way.With access to treatment and education, the disease can be halted and people can live longer, healthier lives. **What is HIV and AIDS?** HIV stands for Human Immuno-deficiency Virus. AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. Someone who contracts the HIV virus is said to be ‘HIV positive’. HIV is a retrovirus that attacks the immune system so that it can’t fight off illnesses and infections. As the disease progresses, a person with HIV contracts secondary infections like tuberculosis or pneumonia, and is said to have AIDS. This process usually happens within eight to 10 years. However, some people become sick very rapidly and others can remain healthy for many years. This can vary according to a person's age, whether they have access to proper healthcare, and other factors. Without treatment, a person with HIV and AIDS will suffer from infections, sometimes for months or years, before they eventually die from them. **How is it transmitted?** The HIV virus is passed on when someone comes into contact with certain bodily fluids of an infected person. These are the ways it can be transmitted: 1. Heterosexual and homosexual sex. Heterosexual sex is by far the most common way that HIV is transmitted in developing countries. In sub-Saharan Africa, at least 90 percent of transmissions are through heterosexual sexual contact. The chances of HIV being passed on through sex are higher if: other sexually transmitted infections are present; if sex is unprotected; or if the infected person is in the very early or late stages of the disease. 2. Mother-to-child: mothers can pass on HIV to their babies during pregnancy, birth and breastfeeding. Without treatment, babies born to HIV positive mothers that are not breastfed have a 15–30 percent risk of contracting the disease. Breastfeeding increases this by 10–15 percent. 3. Blood transfusions and sharing of needles during intravenous drug use. These are the most ‘efficient’ (although not the most common) ways of passing on HIV.

**Who has HIV and AIDS?**  About 40.3 million people are infected with HIV and AIDS globally. This includes 2.3 million children under 15. Infections among women are increasing.  In 2005, 4.9 million people were newly infected with HIV and 3.1 million people died of AIDS.  13,500 people contract the disease every day. At least 1,900 of these are children under 15.  95 percent of new HIV infections are in poorer countries.  About 14,000 people in Australia are HIV positive.  Unless there is a drastic increase in prevention programs, it is estimated that another 45 million people in poor countries will have HIV and AIDS by 2010. **Where is it most common?**  The worst affected area in the world is also one of the poorest regions in the world – sub-Saharan Africa, where about 25.8 million people are infected. Some countries have particularly high rates, like Botswana and Swaziland, where 30 percent of the population aged 15–49 have HIV and AIDS.  HIV and AIDS is also spreading rapidly in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, with about 1.7 million people now infected.  About 8.5 million people in Asia are infected, including 1.1 million people who were infected in 2005 alone.  Approximately two million people in Latin America and the Caribbean are infected. **Can it be cured?**  There is no cure for HIV and AIDS, but it can be treated and prevented.  People with the disease can take drugs called anti-retrovirals (ARVs). These slow the progression of the disease and keep

people healthy for much longer. People can live up to 20 years or more with the disease if ARVs and good nutrition are available.  Because HIV and AIDS causes people to get secondary infections such as tuberculosis and skin diseases, they also need treatment for these infections.  Five to six million people in developing countries urgently need anti-retroviral treatment. About 15 percent have access to  it.  Prevention and education programs together with treatment are the best approach to tackle the rapid spread of this killer

disease.

Most of us will not have had any interaction with HIV and AIDS. Lets take a personal look at how this disease impacts on communities and ways it spreads along regions. Watch the floowing video [] (will not let me embed it!) and complete the questions to ensure you have the main points [|Africa Aids Highway Questions.docx]. Read paragraph 1 and 2 p.64

Write a few sentences to answer the following question: //Why is aids a global phenomenon? Does it result from natural processes or human activities? //  In the SAC on Friday 3rd September and the Exam you will be expected to be able to map the distribution of the phenomenon. To practise this we will create 3 maps. Complete the following activity using the maps provided and page 64 of the supplement as a guideline. [|AIDS choloropleth map.docx] [|THE WORLD.doc]  media type="custom" key="6780351" width="130" height="130"   This documentary details the work being done at a childrens clinical centre in addition to the cultural aspects of the AIDS crisis in Botswana, including interviews, testing clinics, youth outreach programs, and educational initiatives. Here is the graphic organiser from today [|AIDS impacts graphic organiser.docx] Complete the activity and use the following dicument to check your answers [|AIDS impacts graphic organiser filled.docx]

You should be able to locate the following countries on a blank map for your SAC and the exam! [|HIV global rates over 1%.xlsx]

[]

NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL RESPONSE TO HIV/AIDS


 * The National Highway One Project - VIETNAM**

Copy:

INTRODUCTION The HIV/AIDS epidemic in Vietnam is spreading rapidly. There is a relatively low percentage of HIV infection in the general population (0.3%, 2004) but it is high for injecting drug users (30%) and female sex workers (6%). Programs to prevent stigma and discrimination against people living with HIV/AIDS, and strengthen the involvement of communities in HIV prevention, care and support are important. A proactive strategy of working with highly mobile occupation groups, such as truck-drivers and the communities, with whom they come into contact, was adopted to limit the spread.

Read the article handout given in class and answer the questions below.

1. Describe the National Highway One Project 2. Who are the stakeholders involved in the project? 3. When did the project begin? 4. What factors shaped the response to the HIV/AIDS spread? (Think of location etc..) 5. Study the photos and suggest how the locations for statues, murals and posters might have been chose. 6. Why are responses to HIV/AIDS needed at an international and regional scale as well as a national and local scale?

The National Highway One Project in Vietnam is just one of many diffferent responses to the HIV/AIDS epidemic. From our knowledge so far and the responses from the case study, complete the matrix by ticking the correct box for each response. [|HIV Response Matrix.pdf]

Choose THREE of the responses from the matrix and give 3 strengths and 3 weaknesses for EACH.

- The poor - Women and girls - people with multiple sex partners - injecting drug users - children of infected mothers
 * Who is at greatest risk of infection?**

- Challenge and remove the stigma and discrimintaion felt by those infected so that they are protected by rights and legislation - Increase HIV prevention programs especially in those parts of the world with higher infection prevelance, - Increase education about risks, dangers of and how to protect oneself from HIV transmission - Increase condom access, promotion and supply - Increase availability and access of ARV drugs to prolong life and reduce/prevent mother-to-infant transmissions - Increase and promote the benefits of early detection, including clinics providing testing services - Provide support to people and communities of the infected to live longer, be more productive, support their families and avoid transmitting the disease further.
 * How can we predict and change future patterns of HIV/AIDS?**
 * -** Challenge and remove the myths and misconceptions about sex and sexuality that translate into risky sexual behaviour

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 * BOTSWANA - AN AFRICAN SUCCESS STORY?**

Pop. 1.9million HIV infected population 350 000 first case 1985 LE 62years HIV 24.6% 95 000 AIDS orphans

Botswana has been hard hit by AIDS. Almost one-in-four adults are living with HIV. Life expectancy fell from 65 years in the 1990s to less than 40 by 2005. There have been serious implications to the loss of adults in their productive years. In response, Botswana became the first African country to aim to provide antiretroviral drugs ti all those infected. There is still much to be done to prevent the spread of HIV.

The government has set itself the goal of achieving an AIDS-free genertaion by 2016, focusing on promoting prevention, particularly among young people. This policy includes offering therapy to prevent mother-to-child transmission, increasing condom use, and promoting abstinence and faithfulness. Programs have increased the percentage of women coming to prenatal care centers and being tested for HIV to above 60%. Read p. 64 supp from Botswana. Complete question 3 from your observations of the table.

Use the HIV prevelance graph. [|HIV by age sex Botswana.docx] 1. Write 3 observations about graph, e.g. in the 25-29 age group women have double the infection rates....  <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';"> 2. I dentify and describe possible reasons for the observations above. Use the 3 graphs of Botswana HIV trends [|Botswana HIV graphs.docx]

1. Explain what each graph is showing us. <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt;">﻿2 <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">. Describe the trend for EACH graph. Use T.E.E.Q Graphs due on 9/9/10

UNAIDS - AN INTERNATIONAL RESPONSE. media type="youtube" key="-mp6HZEFkbw?version=3" height="274" width="339" media type="youtube" key="5a1N42Pudmg?version=3" height="274" width="339" Here is the transcript of the speech, it is good stuff! [] Last part of the course! Read the article and answer evaluate the new Treatment 2.0 policy for tackling AIDS by UNAIDS [|Treatment 2.0 Evaluation.docx] [|Treatment 2.0 Articles.pdf]